Overview of the active ingredients and functional effects of Inonotus obliquus

Overview of the active ingredients and functional effects of Inonotus obliquus

Inonotus obliquus is a kind of edible and medicinal fungus, belonging to Polyporaceae and Fuscoporia. Because it often grows on birch trees, also known as Inonotus obliquus or birch velvet, the fruiting body is in the form of carbon black blocks, with irregular grooves on the surface, and is hard. The main growth and distribution of Inonotus obliquus is at latitude 40 north 50. China, including northern Russia, eastern Eastern Canada, northern Europe, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Japan (Hokkaido), etc. The Inonotus obliquus contains a variety of active ingredients, mainly including Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides, sterol triterpenoids, Inotodiol, Inonotus obliquus biotin, melanin and lignin [11. In recent years, Inonotus obliquus has become a research craze at home and abroad. Modern pharmacological research shows that Inonotus obliquus mainly has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-tumor, immune regulation and liver protection effects, so it has strong medical and health care value and market development prospects.

↓ Active ingredients

1.1 Betulinum polysaccharides

The polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus are extracts of Inonotus obliquus fruiting bodies and are one of the main bioactive chemical components in Inonotus obliquus. The content of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide in the water extraction of Inonotus obliquus is high, and it is mainly composed of Rhamnose, Arabinose, xylose, Mannose, glucose, Galactose and other monosaccharides through HPLC analysis].

1.2 Triterpenoids

Triterpenoids are not only the main components in the fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus, but also its active components [3]. The high content of Inotodiol not only has anti-tumor activity, but also has antimutagenic and antioxidant activities. It has outstanding effects in anti-tumor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, hypoglycemic and blood pressure regulation.

↓ Effect

2.1 Hypoglycemia

With the improvement of people's living standards, irregular diet and other reasons, the number of people with diabetes gradually increases. In recent years, studies have found that Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide can reduce Glucose test#Fasting blood sugar, improve clinical symptoms of diabetes and repair pancreatic islet damage in diabetes model animals. Zhou Xiumei [4] and others destroyed Beta cell of animals through Alloxan to increase blood sugar in experimental animals. After intervention with Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide, they found that Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide can significantly reduce blood sugar, which confirmed that Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide has a strong hypoglycemic effect.

2.2 Reducing blood lipids

High blood lipids can easily lead to hyperlipidemia, and relevant studies have shown that Inonotus obliquus has a certain effect on lowering cholesterol and regulating blood pressure. Cui Jingai [6] studied the intervention effect of Inonotus polysaccharides on hyperlipidemia rats. The study found that the intervention group receiving Inonotus polysaccharides had a significant decrease in TC, TG, LDL, and a significant increase in HDL compared to the control group, indicating that Inonotus polysaccharides can protect against lipid disorders in hyperlipidemia rats caused by a high-fat diet.

2.3 Regulating immunity

Polysaccharides, triterpenoids, etc. contained in Inonotus obliquus can effectively activate the immune system, improve the immune activity of the body, especially NK cells and T cells, and thus inhibit the proliferation of viruses. Wang Tianxin's study pointed out that the aqueous extract of Inonotus obliquus can improve the body mass and spleen index of immunocompromised mice, enhance the activity of macrophages, promote the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, significantly increase the killing power of NK cells, and also increase the activity of enzymes such as GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, AKP in the liver and serum of mice, thereby improving their immune function.

2.4 Anti tumor

In recent years, a large number of literature and experimental research results have confirmed that Inonotus obliquus has significant anti-tumor effects. Deng Liying and others conducted research on the anti-tumor activity of triterpenoid compounds in Inonotus obliquus in vitro, and found that triterpenoid compounds in Inonotus obliquus have significant inhibitory effects on MCF-7, A549, and 4T1 tumor cells. Research by Li Yanqing et al. [8] has shown that Inonotus obliquus has certain anti esophageal cancer activity. The ethyl acetate extract of Inonotus obliquus can significantly inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells EC-109 and EC-9706, and reduce the cloning ability of esophageal cancer cells. It can block cancer cells in the G1 phase and promote apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells.

2.5 Liver protection

Parfenov et al. found that Inonotus obliquus has protective properties on the liver. In vitro experiments confirmed that Inonotus obliquus can enhance the vitality of normal liver cells, while in vivo experiments confirmed that Inonotus obliquus has a protective effect on the liver of liver injury rats. The group treated with Inonotus obliquus showed the least degree of liver damage, with blood biochemical indicators such as total bilirubin and unbound cholinesterase, total protein, serum cholinesterase, and γ Normalization of parameter levels of one glutamine transpeptidase.

Commercially available products

In summary, as a natural drug, Inonotus obliquus has extensive pharmacological effects and significant therapeutic effects on metabolic diseases and tumors. Currently, the main products developed using Inonotus obliquus as raw materials include tea bags, solid drinks, and health foods. After being selected, the birch brown hole fungus is crushed according to a certain mesh size and packaged in sterile paper bags to make tea bags, which can be brewed and consumed immediately, making it convenient and fast. Figure 1 is a Russian imported birch brown hole fungus tea bag that is popular on e-commerce in China. Figure 2 is a solid beverage made from birch antler produced in China. The birch brown hole fungus is selected, crushed, extracted, and concentrated to produce a granular instant solid beverage. The packaging is exquisite, the particles are clear, the soup color is pure, the dissolution is fast, and it is convenient and fast. Figure 3 is a health food of birch antler polysaccharide from Canada. The main claimed active ingredients are birch antler polysaccharide and triterpenoid compounds. For people with three high blood pressure, cancer, middle-aged and elderly people and Suboptimal health people, the main health care functions are to reduce three high blood pressure, prevent radiation, anti-virus and regulate immunity. At present, there are relatively few products developed using Inonotus obliquus as raw material in China, and most of them are primary processed products. This is related to the insufficient scientific research on Inonotus obliquus, insufficient market promotion, and low consumer awareness. The development market prospects of Inonotus obliquus products are broad, but their active components and target mechanisms of action still need further in-depth research.

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